Nerve stimulation during thyroidectomy has been described in the 1940s, where palpation of the larynx during recurrent laryngeal nerve...
Total Thyroidectomy
Evolution of Total Thyroidectomy

Surgery, to include partial or complete removal of the thyroid gland, is the treatment of choice for patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. In certain circumstances, patients will also receive radioiodine therapy after thyroidectomy. During surgery, key structures must be identified and preserved in order to avoid serious complications, to include voice issues, breathing difficulty, aspiration, trouble swallowing, and low calcium.
It is also important to be certain that all thyroid tissue has been adequately removed. For papillary thyroid cancer, certain enzymes such as thyroglobulin will be followed after surgery to ensure both complete removal of the gland, and to monitor for recurrence/ growth of cancer.